Scientific name: Columba livia Family: Columbidae Order: Columbiformes Risk level: High Category: Flying pests
? What is a feral pigeon
The feral pigeon (Columba livia) is one of the most widespread urban pest birds worldwide. It is usually gray, with iridescent green and purple patches on its neck. It adapts to all urban environments and nests on rooftops, building ledges, bridges and stations. It is social and lives in flocks.
Feral pigeon life cycle
Birds usually reach maturity in their first year. Pigeons lay two eggs per clutch and produce 4–6 clutches annually. Sparrows produce 2–3 broods per year, with 4–6 young each.
Where feral pigeons occur
Feral and domestic birds occur in cities, airports, food industries and urban areas worldwide.
Damage and risks associated with feral pigeons
They transmit serious fungal and bacterial diseases: histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis (from dried droppings), salmonella and Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis). Their acidic droppings damage concrete and metal.
Signs of feral pigeons
Signs include droppings on roofs and equipment, nests in ventilation openings and window frames, shed feathers, noise and contamination marks on products.
Where feral pigeons are found
They occur on rooftops and window ledges, bridges, railway stations, fish and meat markets, and public transit facilities. Permanent nests are in places sheltered from the wind.
Feral pigeon control methods
Start with physical deterrents: spike wires, netting, low-voltage electric systems and repellent gels. A biological deterrent is trained birds of prey.
Feral pigeon control products
Use live traps and relocation. Sterilized bird eggs may be used in accordance with regulations. Chemical repellents (methyl anthranilate) can be used in open areas.
Food-facility control requirements
FSSC 22000/BRCGS: birds in food areas are an immediate major non-conformance. A documented bird-prevention program with regular monitoring is required.
A fact about feral pigeons
Feral pigeons have a natural magnetic compass integrated into their beaks, allowing them to sense Earth’s magnetic field and navigate journeys of hundreds of kilometers. They were officially used to carry messages in both World War I and World War II.
Frequently asked questions
Q: What is the best way to drive feral pigeons away from a building?
A: Combine physical solutions (wires and netting) with auditory and visual deterrents. Complete deterrence requires assessment by a bird specialist.
Q: Are bird droppings a health hazard?
A: Yes. They contain numerous pathogens, and their acidity damages structures. Cleanup requires suitable protective equipment and an occupational-health protocol.
